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1. Planning Renovations
Any project will be more successful, given well-defined goals. In every household project, the following three points can be applied:
FORM: What do you want it to look like?
FUNCTION: What do you want it to do for you?
COMPATIBILITY: What factors exist that might limit what you can do, and will the finished product look good on your house?
Once you've completed this part of your homework, it's time to decide if you'll built it yourself, hire a contractor, or be your own contractor and perhaps sub-contract some of the work. Sub-contracting may sometimes seem to over-complicate things and even look wasteful, but just remember - some jobs can look deceivingly simple until you actual get into the nitty-gritty of them. A general contractor's job is to co-ordinate and orchestrate the whole schmozzle to completion.
2. Finding A Contractor
My card...The process of finding a good contractor is essentially the same, whether you decide to hire a general contractor, or one or more sub-contractors. The best reference for a contractor is word of mouth from a satisfied client. If you don't know anyone who has had renovations or repairs done in the area you need, look for work trucks or signs in your neighborhood. Knock on doors, and ask the homeowners if they are satisfied with the work being done. Once you contact a contractor, ask for references, and follow through by calling their previous clients with a set of questions that will give you the information you are looking for.
The following are samples of questions that could be asked of any reference:
1. Did the job come in at the quoted price?
2. Did the job come in on time?
3. Was the work site left clean each day?
4. Was the quality of the workmanship satisfactory?
5. Was the quality of the materials used satisfactory?
It is always recommended that you talk to more than one company, so that you have a basis for comparison. Listen to their technical information, and note their customer relation skills. If the contractor doesn't do a very good job of communicating with you before you hire him or her, there may be a higher likelihood of miscommunications during the work.
Sometimes the best companies will be very busy and you will have to wait for their services. Other times, good companies may have time slots between large projects that smaller jobs can fit into. Ask what the company's schedule has been like for the past 6 months to a year. Reputable companies are usually busy all year round in any economic situation.
3. The Estimate, or Quote
Meeting the Contractors
Remember that the contractor you choose could be spending a lot of time in your home, so look for someone you feel at ease with. You should meet individually with each potential contractor. Be prepared to discuss products and designs; know what you want and how much you can spend. Take note if the contractors are on time, if they listen and answer questions, willingly give information about their company and their customers; and if they seem to have any aversion to your ideas.
The Estimate
This is where you'll likely make your choice of contractor. Each potential contractor will present a proposal, including design and cost information. Review the estimates, ensuring that they accurately relfect your wishes, and make comments and/or any changes that are required.
How Are Jobs Estimated?
Work that involves structural changes to the home, custom designs, or enlargement of some of the mechanical systems is typically quoted by the job. It can be very difficult for a contractor to know exactly how much time an intricate custom job will take, particulary if a number of trades are required, and the different parts of the job are interdependent.
Get it in writing!Simpler, straightforward jobs are often quoted by the square foot. Examples are laying sod, painting, roofing, drywall or refinishing floors. The quoted price will typically be set to include everything (ie. labour, materials, travel, etc.).
Smaller jobs may also be quoted buy the hour, and if the job is fairly routine, such as installing addtional electrical outlets or drywalling, the figures are typically in line. In this situation you will pay the tradesperson for time, plus the cost of the materials used in the project.
The Final Design and Quote
If you have a contractor with good references and the estimate looks good, you now need to get a firm quote, including final designs. The design should include detailed specifications for the work and the materials to be used.
(Another option is to have an architect or designer produce the plans and ask the contractors to bid on the job, based on these plans.)
Make sure the final specs are accurate and reflect your wishes, and make your final comments and changes. After you accept the final quote, the cost of further changes will likely be added to the job. Ask how long the stages of the work will take, so that you can monitor progress.
4. The Paperwork
Cash is King, however...
... take care, lest the cash deal of the century turn into the mistake of a lifetime! One reason for cash payment is the avoidance of paperwork and taxes. Taxes and other legalities aside, the absence of contracts and permits can be extremely risky.
Ooh, I love to save money!Cash contractors often don't pay Workers' Compensation fees, and you could be held legally responsible for any worker injured on your property. If the contractor gives you the product warranty cards, you'll be covered for defective materials provided they were properly installed, but don't expect good follow-up service on a cash deal. You would also have difficulty supporting any legal actions without any paperwork. The overall quality of a project may be compromised in the absence of paperwork, and cash paid in advance (rather than by cheque) will be all but impossible to retrieve if things go sour.
Building, plumbing and electrical codes may require that all or parts of your project be performed by licensed tradespeople, and sometimes licenses are required to obtain the permits. If the tradespeople aren't licensed, the contractor probably isn't insured. And if your contractor isn't insured, then depending on the nature of the job, neither is your house while he works on it.
The Contract
Agreements in writing are less vulnerable to miscommunications, than are verbal ones, and far easier to enforce. Some of the points included in a good contract are:
1. Full job description, including all aspects of the work; demolition, renovation, reconstruction and finishing.
2. Material specifications, including type, model, number, color, and size where applicable, and who's supplying what.
3. Start and finish dates.
4. Payment schedule; 40/40/20 is generally acceptable.
5. Permits, and who's responsible for obtaining them.
6. Clean-up and trash removal.
7. On site behaviour.
8. Change order clause: Have any changes to the original job specifications in writing with a requirement that you "sign off" any change before the work is performed.
9. Arbitration: Aree how disagreements will be handled before the work begins.
10. Contractor's insurer and policy number.
5. The Work MORE POWER!
Problem Avoidance: If you've carefully chosen your contractor, and made adequate preparations (including making the site ready for the trades people and workers), this part should be easy! The actual work should closely follow what was written into the contract, however you still need to monitor the ongoing project, and in some cases you'll be required to make additional decisions. There are often unforseen difficulties, or you may simply wish to ask for changes as the work proceeds.
Site Preparation: Remove furniture and stored articles from the work area, and cover carpets and other items that may not be moveable. It is in your own best interest to make arrangements for storage, clean-up and refuse areas convenient to the work area.
Project Coordination: Effective communication is the greatest secret to successfully completing any project. Maintain regular contact with your contractor(s) so that the unexpected can be dealt with expediently.
Hidden Conditions: A thorough inspection performed in conjuction with estimation should preclude any major changes, however there are structural and mechanical conditions initially hidden from view, which even the most experienced renovator may not be able to predict. Be prepared to negotiate changes for "hidden conditions".
What to do if a problem develops:
1. Bring all problems, perceived and real, to the attention of your contractor(s).
2. Is it major or minor? If minor, and the contractor is present at the time, discuss it and negotiate a resolution. If it's minor, and/or looks like it can wait, start a list of minor observations that you can bring to his or her attention when appropriate.
3. Major problems should be dealt with immediately. If your contractor is not present at the time, make every effort to contact him or her as soon as possible. This may avert furtherance of the problem.
4. Given that your contractor responds satisfactorily, carry on. If not, try again and if necessary, write a letter. If you still don't get satisfaction, look to a third party such as the Ontario Renovators Council or the Ontario Home Builders Association. These agencies should be approached only if you are certain that a resolution cannot be achieved with the contractor. Legal counsel should be an absolute last resort. There's no use making a mountain out of a molehill, and thereby delaying succesful completion of the project.
THE BOTTOM LINE: careful contractor selection + a good contract = successful job
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What is email marketing?
Basically, in plain English, email marketing is a targeted mass mailing done via email. The purpose of email marketing could be advertising in order to recruit new clients, introducing a new set of products or services to an existing client base, keeping your clients informed by means of a newsletter, etc. All of the before mentioned activities are very legitimate business efforts, as long as you respect some unwritten rules and as long as the list of emails you use is what is called 'targeted', in other words the names came from a database generated by your marketing division and represents your existing client base, a carefully selected list of potential prospects or a list of people who opted in to receive your messages.
If instead of the above you use a list that you bought (you know, "25 million guaranteed AOL email addresses for only 19.95 - plus shipping"), or are doing it without warning the people on your list, or using other shady methods, then you are considered a spammer and what you are sending is spam, bulk mail, unsolicited email, basically, the main enemy of all things virtue and life in general. Yes folks, it is that easy to be labeled as a spammer, and very hard to get out of it.
Once your message is considered unsolicited, you will immediately be put on zillions of black lists, side by side with those who promise inches and inches of extra extremities and hours and hours of ecstatic pleasures (for only 3 easy payments and some handling fees).
Sound pretty risky, so why bother?
Obviously, opt-in email advertising is far more cost effective than direct marketing via regular mail, door-to-door sales, or telemarketing. Paper, printing, envelopes, and postage can add up quickly. Door to door sales require paying out commissions. Telemarketing results in high long distance bills, often without great results, as people become more and more blood thirsty toward the people on the other end of the so called cold call.
So why not just use my personal email or my company's mail server and some mailing software?
In the early days of email marketing (that is, before the art of penile enlargement was crafted), that's exactly what people did. They would gather all their emails into some primitive version of a spreadsheet, fire up some mail merging program, hook it up to their corporate mail system and voila, thousands of emails were flying away.
Today, the scenario is certainly possible, but let me tell you in a simple set of scenarios what can happen:
One of the many not-for-profit groups that decided to police the internet will intercept that a large number of emails were generated and sent by a server near you (yep, they can do that). In order to protect the civilized world from those who spread spam, viruses and other vermin, they will put you on a list of threats to humanity. Those other nice corporate folks who were your indented recipients, have an IT department that gets constantly yelled at by angry users who get emails with naked people. Well - Mel, their IT guy decides to put up an anti-spam system that links to that not-for-profit's database of known spammers (oh yeah, did I mention you are now a 'known spammer'?) and block your emails. Your emails might actually be blocked so well that your company will have a real trouble communicating via email and your IT folks will all go nuts and/or get fired.
Basically, not so good. Other things that can happen are: you'll have to build some opt-in / opt-out system, in some states there are laws that require that you make it very easy for your audience to unsubscribe, you'll have a hard time formatting your emails in a decent, eye pleasing way, etc.
Lastly, the process of sending thousands of emails and managing lists, subscribing and unsubscribing people is tedious and just plain annoying. The only way to do it is with a maximum degree of automation, or, the better solution - to outsource to a company that does it professionally.
Folks, I am known for promoting the "do it in house" concept, and am not that big on outsourcing. But when it comes to mass mailing... I say stay away from it and let the professionals do what they do.
If you are worried about cost, know that the fee you pay for email marketing services, will still cost less than the continued overhead and expenses of the traditional options, not to mention the great possibilities of reaching a much larger audience, much faster (practically instantly).
What to look for in an email marketing company?
1. Automating Your Subscribe and Unsubscribe Requests
Many email marketing companies will provide you with exact HTML code you need to paste to your site to have a subscription form on your web site. The better services also provide a link at the bottom of each email that enables subscribers to update their information or unsubscribe from a list, automating everything for you.
2. Personalization of Emails
Another powerful feature of many email marketing services is the ability to use mail merge capabilities to personalize each email that you send. The better services allow to have custom fields, additional to the standard first name and last name.
3. Bounceback email handling
Bouncebacks are emails that are sent to email accounts that no longer exist or are full, blocked, etc. Essentially, you'll get a response stating that your message did not make it. All email list management software programs are able to manage subscribe and unsubscribe requests and send out messages, however without integrated bounceback email handling all the non-deliverable emails will be sent back to you, a rather big nuisance if your list is large. Ideally, the email software you use will be able to manage your bouncebacks for you. Whenever a bounceback is received, the software makes a note of the address and if another bounceback is received the email address will be sent to a list of dead addresses.
This remove capability is extremely important since if you continuously send out emails with many bouncebacks you may be blacklisted as a spammer. This is something you really want to avoid at all cost.
4. HTML email
The ability to send out HTML emails has been around for quite some time. Most email marketing companies support the ability to send out messages that include graphics and formatted text. This is surely something you'll want to look for.
However, not all of your users have the ability to view email messages in HTML format. This percentage is usually between 10-20%. Instead of seeing your aesthetically pleasing email they might see a string of meaningless code. Using most email list management programs, these 10-20% of users will open up emails from you and be very inclined to call you a spammer.
To avoid this, look for companies that use multi-part MIME to send out messages. When you send an HTML email in multi-part MIME, users who do not have the ability to view HTML messages will receive the email in the usual text format.
So who should you use?
Do your homework, read reviews, eventually, make use of a trial account and see if it fits your needs. I currently use Intellicontact (Owned by Broadwick Corporation, a company specialized in software that improves communication efficiency for businesses) - check them out at www.bsleek.com/emailmarketing - they do everything I told you about in this article, plus more.
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Hypertension (high blood pressure) affects about 50 million individuals in the United States. Of these, about 70% are aware of their diagnosis, but only about a half of those are receiving treatment and only 25% are under control using 140/90 as the cutoff guideline. A new category has been designated as “pre-hypertension” and that is when the blood pressure is 120-139 systolic over a diastolic of 80-89.
Blood pressure readings vary greatly in individuals depending on the time of day, where the patient is at when they get it checked, how soon they have eaten, smoked, or even drank a cup of coffee. A diagnosis of hypertension should not be based on one reading unless that reading is extremely high and/or there is evidence of end organ damage such as renal (kidney) or heart involvement. The diagnosis of hypertension should be made only after two or more readings on two or more office visits.
The frightening thing about hypertension is that it usually does not cause any symptoms. Unless you are getting your blood pressure regularly checked, you could be walking around for years with elevated blood pressure and not know it. That is why it is referred to as the silent killer.
If you are being diagnosed with hypertension for the first time, there are certain tests that your doctor should order. Blood tests including a complete blood count, fasting lipids (cholesterol), fasting blood sugar, renal (kidney) functions, liver functions, and electrolytes (potassium, sodium levels), along with a urinalysis should be checked. You should also have a chest xray to check for enlargement of your heart which can occur over time with hypertension, and an electrocardiogram to check for any cardiac (heart) abnormalities.
Treatment of hypertension is multi-faceted. Lifestyle modification should include smoking cessation, daily exercise implementation, dietary changes, alcohol moderation, and sodium restriction. One should consume a diet with plenty of vegetables, fruit, and low dietary fat. Exercise should consist of daily brisk exercise such as walking at least 30 minutes per day most days of the week. A 10% weight loss can make a significant difference in blood pressure readings. Alcohol consumption should be limited to no more than two drinks per day (24 oz. of beer, 10 ounces of wine, or 3 oz. of “hard” liquor such as gin, whiskey, or vodka). You should also reduce salt intake to no more than 2.4 grams of sodium per day. I tell my patients not to add any salt to any foods and restrict high sodium items.
If your blood pressure is not extremely elevated, say in the 145/95 range, and you are determined to make substantial lifestyle changes, then perhaps you can bring your blood pressure down to normal range with these measures. I always give my patients in these situations the option to try lifestyle modifications first if they wish as long as their blood pressure is not seriously high. Most patients, however, end up having to take a medication for their hypertension.
There are a wide variety of medications available that we can prescribe and the majority of patients require more than one type of medication to reach a desired blood pressure goal. Discuss with your physician the side effects of each and what would be the most suitable medication for you. Medications have come a long way for treating blood pressure in the past twenty years and the side effect profiles are much more favorable than they used to be overall. I have found that a good portion of my patients have an aversion to taking a pill everyday for the rest of their lives. But what I tell them is that they ought to look at it like a vitamin, or better yet, an insurance policy. If it prevents you from having a heart attack or stroke and from either premature death or perhaps becoming confined to a wheel chair and not being able to take care of yourself, then taking a daily pill or two should not even be an issue.
Don’t be afraid to talk to your doctor about treatment and asking about the tests I have discussed. Most importantly, please get into your physician at least once a year to get your blood pressure taken, and more often if it has been on the high end of normal.
Copyright 2006 Ted Crawford
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Appendicitis is considered to be a surgical illness. Due to its severe character, the treatment for appendicitis often involves surgical intervention. Judging by the speed of development and the gravity of the illness, appendicitis can be either acute or chronic. Acute appendicitis evolves very fast and can lead to complications. Chronic appendicitis is less serious and slower to develop. Although there are other options, the safest treatment for appendicitis is considered to be surgery.
Appendicitis occurs due to bacterial infection and obstruction of the vermiform appendix, a tube-shaped extension of the large intestine (the colon). The appendix is usually blocked by calculus or feces, causing it to swell. However, in some cases, the enlargement of the lymph nodes is responsible for the inappropriate activity of the appendix. Due to bacterial infection (also very common in appendicitis), the lymph nodes begin to swell and press against the walls of the appendix, causing it to block. The local blood circulation is also perturbed, causing the death of the appendix. The swelling of the appendix and bacterial infections can lead to serious complications, such as gangrene, sepsis and perforation of the appendix. The best option available in the treatment for appendicitis when confronted with a seriously damaged appendix is to surgically remove it from the body. The appendix doesn’t have a vital role inside the organism and its absence doesn’t affect the normal activity of the body.
The surgical treatment for appendicitis consists of a procedure called appendectomy. In uncomplicated forms of appendicitis, appendectomy is a simple surgical intervention. Most patients respond well to the surgical treatment for appendicitis and they fully recover within a few weeks after the operation. However, if the treatment for appendicitis is delayed, the chances of recovery are considerably diminished.
Appendicitis affects about 6-7 percent of the population in the United States and Europe. However, statistics indicate that in the last years the number of people diagnosed with appendicitis has considerably decreased. The development of appendicitis is facilitated by inappropriate diet. A healthy lifestyle and a diet rich in fibers can be useful in the prevention of appendicitis. Appendicitis can be developed by anyone, at any age. However, acute forms of the illness mostly occur in children and teenagers (ages 3-15) and also in older patients (ages over 50).
Despite the medical advance and the abundance of medications available nowadays, the recommended treatment for appendicitis remains appendectomy. Although in uncomplicated cases of the illness the doctors might prescribe antibiotics, the safest treatment for appendicitis is still considered to be surgery. The fact is that antibiotics and other medications can’t unblock the appendix without causing any internal damage and for this reason the most reasonable form of treatment for appendicitis is surgical intervention. If the presence of the illness is discovered in time, appendectomy is the safest option available today in the treatment for appendicitis.
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Crimes committed by women differ from criminality done by men by the nature of a crime, and its’ consequences, as well as by methods, crime weapon, and choice of victim. It is hard to object that crimes committed by women have more emotional characteristic then those committed by men.
Women are far less likely than men to commit crime and this pattern seems to hold true all over the world. Only 19% of known offenders are women. Nevertheless, women are far more likely to experience domestic violence. Two women are murdered every week by their current or former partner and 44% of violent incidents against women were domestic.
According to the stats of female offenders in prison most were in for drug, theft and handling stolen property offences, this accounted for 60% of known female offenders. 15% of sentenced female prisoners had previously been admitted to a psychiatric hospital and over 40% of sentenced women prisoners have been reported as being dependent on drugs in the year before coming to prison. An estimated 20% of women in prison have spent some time in care.
Until recently, criminal behavior has been mostly discussed from a male perspective and has been about men, for men and by men. Various theories have shown why some women commit fewer crimes than males. Lombroso believed that women were evolutionarily inferior to men, a lower form of life. He hypothesized that the “natural” female criminal was perceived to have the criminal qualities of the male plus the worst characteristics of women. This appeared to indicate that criminal women were genetically more male than female, therefore biologically abnormal.
Freud (1925) offered an explanation of female crime that, women are universally not able to fully resolve the Oedipus complex, have a great deal of need for the approval of men, so as a rule they do not risk upsetting them by committing crimes. The exceptional female who does offend is seen as suffering from extreme penis envy and, in a desire to be a man, takes an aggressive, non-conforming attitude that may result in criminal behavior.
In addition, scientists have suggested that the brain differences between male and female is an essential reason why women are more likely to stay out of harm’s way. Current research has demonstrated that females, on average, have a larger deep limbic system than males. Due to this, women are more in touch with their feelings; they have an increased ability to bond and are connected to others.
Furthermore, some criminologists argue that women seldom have the opportunity to be involved in organised and corporate crime of which many men are guilty but not convicted. In terms of the ratio of conviction between females and males, where women have similar opportunities for criminal behavior in relation to males, their respective patterns of crimes appear to be broadly similar. However, while, in theory, women have similar opportunities as men to commit crime these may be limited by other factors. Such as employment related crime, as fewer women than men work, less opportunity exists. Women are also more-likely than men to have primary responsibility for child-care, which restricts opportunities for various types of criminal behavior.
Female crime is often explained as women’s usual response to lack of opportunity and school failure. It is as a desperate attempt to escape from poverty rather than, as in the case of many men, an aggressive response to their social situation.
Courts may deal more-leniently with females, but when women commit crimes that go against male stereotypes of femininity, such as violence, women tend to be more harshly punished than men. As much female crime is petty, non-violent, like shop-lifting and prostitution, women not imprisoned as often as men. Moreover, female forms of crime may be “less visible” to the police. This is especially true in relation to crimes of violence, where women tend to be the victims rather than the perpetrators.
A rather different approach to the issue of gender and crime is society’s concept of masculinity that leads to criminal behavior in boys and men. To be masculine means to assert authority and control over others, to be individualistic, aggressive and independent.
To sum up, the relationship between gender differences and criminal behavior is complex and varied, there are no simple answers. A number of factors must be taken into account, and the environmental influences and cultural traditions can be seen as the most important ones.
